@article {1145382, title = {Large-scale organizations of the hand action observation network in individuals born without hands}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The human high-level visual cortex comprises regions specialized for the processing of distinct types of stimuli, such as objects, animals, and human actions. How does this specialization emerge? Here, we investigated the role of effector-specific visuomotor coupling experience in shaping the organization of the action observation network (AON) as a window on this question. Observed body movements are frequently coupled with corresponding motor codes, e.g., during monitoring one{\textquoteright}s own movements and imitation, resulting in bidirectionally connected circuits between areas involved in body movements observation (e.g., of the hand) and the motor codes involved in their execution. If the organization of the AON is shaped by this effector-specific visuomotor coupling, then, it should not form for body movements that do not belong to individuals{\textquoteright} motor repertoire. To test this prediction, we used fMRI to investigate the spatial arrangement and functional properties of the hand and foot action observation circuits in individuals born without upper limbs. Multivoxel pattern decoding, pattern similarity, and univariate analyses revealed an intact hand AON in the individuals born without upper limbs. This suggests that the organization of the AON does not require effector-specific visuomotor coupling.}, author = {Gilles Vannuscorps and Moritz F Wurm and Ella Striem-Amit and Alfonso Caramazza} } @article {1145378, title = {Plasticity based on compensatory effector use in the association but not primary sensorimotor cortex of people born without hands}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {115}, year = {2018}, pages = {7801-7806}, abstract = {What forces direct brain organization and its plasticity? When brain regions are deprived of their input, which regions reorganize based on compensation for the disability and experience, and which regions show topographically constrained plasticity? People born without hands activate their primary sensorimotor hand region while moving body parts used to compensate for this disability (e.g., their feet). This was taken to suggest a neural organization based on functions, such as performing manual-like dexterous actions, rather than on body parts, in primary sensorimotor cortex. We tested the selectivity for the compensatory body parts in the primary and association sensorimotor cortex of people born without hands (dysplasic individuals). Despite clear compensatory foot use, the primary sensorimotor hand area in the dysplasic subjects showed preference for adjacent body parts that are not compensatorily used as effectors. This suggests that function-based organization, proposed for congenital blindness and deafness, does not apply to the primary sensorimotor cortex deprivation in dysplasia. These findings stress the roles of neuroanatomical constraints like topographical proximity and connectivity in determining the functional development of primary cortex even in extreme, congenital deprivation. In contrast, increased and selective foot movement preference was found in dysplasics{\textquoteright} association cortex in the inferior parietal lobule. This suggests that the typical motor selectivity of this region for manual actions may correspond to high-level action representations that are effector-invariant. These findings reveal limitations to compensatory plasticity and experience in modifying brain organization of early topographical cortex compared with association cortices driven by function-based organization.}, author = {Ella Striem-Amit and Gilles Vannuscorps and Alfonso Caramazza} } @article {1145372, title = {View-invariant representation of hand postures in the human lateral occipitotemporal cortex}, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {181}, year = {2018}, pages = {446-452}, abstract = {Understanding other people{\textquoteright}s actions and\ mental states\ includes the interpretation of body\ postures\ and movements. In particular, hand postures are an important channel to signal both action and communicative intentions. Recognizing hand postures is computationally challenging because hand postures often differ only in the subtle configuration of relative finger positions and because visual characteristics of hand postures change across viewpoints. To allow for accurate interpretation, the brain needs to represent hand postures in a view-invariant but posture-specific manner. Here we test for such representations in hand-, body-, and object-selective regions of the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC). We used multivariate\ pattern analysis\ of fMRI data to test for view-specific and view-invariant representations of individual hand postures, separately for two domains: action-related postures (e.g., a precision grasp) and communicative postures (e.g., thumbs up). Results showed that hand-selective LOTC, but not nearby body- and object-selective LOTC, represented hand postures in a view-invariant manner, with relatively similar activity patterns to the same hand posture seen from different viewpoints. View invariance was equally strong for action and communicative postures. By contrast, object-selective cortex represented hand postures in a view-specific manner. These results indicate a role for hand-selective LOTC in solving the view-invariance problem for individual hand postures. View-invariant representations of hand postures in this region may then be accessed and further interpreted by multiple downstream systems to inform high-level judgments related to action understanding, emotion recognition, and non-verbal communication.}, author = {Stefania Bracci and Alfonso Caramazza and Marius V. Peelen} } @article {1145374, title = {The neural representation of human versus nonhuman bipeds and quadrupeds }, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2017}, pages = {14040 }, abstract = {How do humans recognize humans among other creatures? Recent studies suggest that a preference for conspecifics may emerge already in perceptual processing, in regions such as the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), implicated in visual perception of biological motion. In the current functional MRI study, participants viewed point-light displays of human and nonhuman creatures moving in their typical bipedal (man and chicken) or quadrupedal mode (crawling-baby and cat). Stronger activity for man and chicken\ versus\ baby and cat was found in the right pSTS responsive to biological motion. The novel\ effect of pedalism\ suggests that, if right pSTS contributes to recognizing of conspecifics, it does so by detecting perceptual features (e.g. bipedal motion) that reliably correlate with their appearance. A searchlight multivariate pattern analysis could decode humans and nonhumans across pedalism in the left pSTS and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex. This result implies a categorical human-nonhuman distinction, independent from within-category physical/perceptual variation. Thus, recognizing conspecifics involves visual classification based on perceptual features that most frequently co-occur with humans, such as bipedalism, and retrieval of information that determines category membership above and beyond visual appearance. The current findings show that these processes are at work in separate brain networks.}, author = {Liuba Papeo and Moritz F Wurm and Nikolaas N Oosterhof and Alfonso Caramazza} } @article {1002571, title = {Multimodal representations of person identity individuated with fMRI}, journal = {Cortex}, volume = {89}, year = {2017}, pages = {85-97}, author = {Anzellotti, S and Caramazza, A} } @article {1002566, title = {Neural Representations of Belief Concepts: A Representational Similarity Approach to Social Semantics}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, volume = {27}, year = {2017}, pages = {344-357}, author = {Leshinskaya, A and J M Contreras and Caramazza, A and Mitchell, J. P.} } @article {1002551, title = {Action categories in lateral occipitotemporal cortex are organized along sociality and transitivity}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {37}, year = {2017}, pages = {562-575}, author = {M F Wurm and Caramazza, A and Lingnau, A} } @article {1002546, title = {Sensorimotor-independent development of hands and tools selectivity in the visual cortex}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {114}, year = {2017}, pages = {4787-4792}, author = {E Striem-Amit and G Vannuscorps and Caramazza, A} } @article {1002541, title = {Domain selectivity in the parahippocampal gyrus is predicted by the same structural connectivity patterns in blind and sighted individuals}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {37}, year = {2017}, pages = {4705-4716}, author = {X Wang and C He and M V Peelen and G Gong and Caramazza, A and Y Bi} } @article {1002556, title = {Typical predictive eye movements during action observation without effector-specific motor simulation}, journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review}, year = {2016}, pages = {1-6}, author = {G Vannuscorps and Caramazza, A} } @article {857276, title = {For a cognitive neuroscience of concepts: Moving beyond the grounding issue}, journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review}, year = {2016}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {

Cognitive neuroscience research on conceptual knowledge often is discussed with respect to {\textquotedblleft}embodiment{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}grounding.{\textquotedblright} We tried to disentangle at least three distinct claims made using these terms. One of these, the view that concepts are entirely reducible to sensory-motor representations, is untenable and diminishing in the literature. A second is the view that concepts and sensory-motor representations {\textquotedblleft}interact,{\textquotedblright} and a third view addresses the question of how concepts are neurally organized{\textemdash}the neural partitions among concepts of different kinds, and where these partitions are localized in cortex. We argue that towards the second and third issues, much fruitful research can be pursued, but that no position on them is specifically related to {\textquotedblleft}grounding.{\textquotedblright} Furthermore, to move forward on them, it is important to precisely distinguish different kinds of representations{\textemdash}conceptual vs. sensory-motor{\textemdash}from each other theoretically and empirically. Neuroimaging evidence often lacks such specificity. We take an approach that distinguishes conceptual from sensory-motor representations by virtue of two properties: broad generality and tolerance to the absence of sensory-motor associations. We review three of our recent experiments that employ these criteria in order to localize neural representations of several specific kinds of nonsensory attributes: functions, intentions, and belief traits. Building on past work, we find that neuroimaging evidence can be used fruitfully to distinguish interesting hypotheses about neural organization. On the other hand, most such evidence does not speak to any clear notion of {\textquotedblleft}grounding{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}embodiment,{\textquotedblright} because these terms do not make clear, specific, empirical predictions. We argue that cognitive neuroscience will proceed most fruitfully by relinquishing these terms.

}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-015-0870-z}, author = {Leshinskaya, A and Caramazza, A} } @article {857296, title = {Integration Processes Compared: Cortical Differences for Consistency Evaluation and Passive Comprehension in Local and Global Coherence}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

This research studies the neural systems underlying two integration processes that take place during natural discourse comprehension: consistency evaluation and passive comprehension. Evaluation was operationalized with a consistency judgment task and passive comprehension with a passive listening task. Using fMRI, the experiment examined the integration of incoming sentences with more recent, local context and with more distal, global context in these two tasks. The stimuli were stories in which we manipulated the consistency of the endings with the local context and the relevance of the global context for the integration of the endings. A whole-brain analysis revealed several differences between the two tasks. Two networks previously associated with semantic processing and attention orienting showed more activation during the judgment than the passive listening task. A network previously associated with episodic memory retrieval and construction of mental scenes showed greater activity when global context was relevant, but only during the judgment task. This suggests that evaluation, more than passive listening, triggers the reinstantiation of global context and the construction of a rich mental model for the story. Finally, a network previously linked to fluent updating of a knowledge base showed greater activity for locally consistent endings than inconsistent ones, but only during passive listening, suggesting a mode of comprehension that relies on a local scope approach to language processing. Taken together, these results show that consistency evaluation and passive comprehension weigh differently on distal and local information and are implemented, in part, by different brain networks.

}, author = {G Edigi and Caramazza, A} } @article {857336, title = {The origin of the biomechanical bias in apparent body movement perception}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

The perception of apparent body movement sometimes follows biologically plausible paths rather than paths along the shortest distance as in the case for inanimate objects. For numerous authors, this demonstrates that the somatosensory and motor representations of the observer{\textquoteright}s own body support and constrain the perception of others{\textquoteright} body movements. In this paper, we report evidence that calls for a re-examination of this account. We presented an apparent upper limb movement perception task to typically developed participants and five individuals born without upper limbs who were, therefore, totally deprived of somatosensory or motor representations of those limbs. Like the typically developed participants, they showed the typical bias toward long and biomechanically plausible path. This finding suggests that the computations underlying the biomechanical bias in apparent body movement perception is intrinsic to the visual system.

}, author = {G Vannuscorps and Caramazza, A} } @article {857321, title = {The role of vision in the neural representation of unique entities}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, volume = {87}, year = {2016}, pages = {144-156}, author = {X Wang and M V Peelen and Z Han and Caramazza, A and Y Bi} } @article {805331, title = {Visual object individuation occurs over object wholes, parts, and even holes}, journal = {Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, abstract = {

Segmentation of the world into meaningful units has typically been described as object individuation, emphasizing the spatially disconnected quality that comes as a result of objecthood. This segmentation can occur rapidly, even in parallel for multiple objects. It remains unclear whether objecthood is a necessary requirement for parallel individuation, or whether target features in distinct locations, such as object parts, may also be individuated in parallel. In a series of six experiments, we used a rapid enumeration task to test whether subitizing, a phenomenon believed to result from parallel individuation, occurs over object parts. We found that subitizing and individuation occur over connected object parts as well as physically separate objects of varied shapes and sizes. We also observed subitizing when target items are indents, features intrinsic to the shape of the object, and when cues for occlusion were removed. The results of these studies suggest that parallel individuation is not bound to objecthood, and can occur over object parts existing in separate locations.

}, author = {K B Porter and V Mazza and A Garofalo and Caramazza, A} } @article {803021, title = {Object Domain and Modality in the Ventral Visual Pathway}, journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, volume = {20}, year = {2016}, pages = {282-290}, abstract = {

The nature of domain-specific organization in higher-order visual cortex (ventral occipital temporal cortex, VOTC) has been investigated both in the case of visual experience deprivation and of modality of stimulation in sighted individuals. Object domain interacts in an intriguing and revelatory way with visual experience and modality of stimulation: selectivity for artifacts and scene domains is largely immune to visual deprivation and is multi-modal, whereas selectivity for animate items in lateral posterior fusiform gyrus is present only with visual stimulation. This domain-by-modality interaction is not readily accommodated by existing theories of VOTC representation. We conjecture that these effects reflect a distinction between the visual features that characterize different object domains and their interaction with different types of downstream computational systems.

}, author = {Y Bi and X Wang and Caramazza, A} } @article {801606, title = {Typical action perception and interpretation without motor simulation}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {113}, year = {2016}, pages = {86-91}, abstract = {

Every day, we interact with people synchronously, immediately understand what they are doing, and easily infer their mental state and the likely outcome of their actions from their kinematics. According to various motor simulation theories of perception, such efficient perceptual processing of others{\textquoteright} actions cannot be achieved by visual analysis of the movements alone but requires a process of motor simulation{\textemdash}an unconscious, covert imitation of the observed movements. According to this hypothesis, individ- uals incapable of simulating observed movements in their motor system should have difficulty perceiving and interpreting ob- served actions. Contrary to this prediction, we found across eight sensitive experiments that individuals born with absent or se- verely shortened upper limbs (upper limb dysplasia), despite some variability, could perceive, anticipate, predict, comprehend, and mem- orize upper limb actions, which they cannot simulate, as efficiently as typically developed participants. We also found that, like the typically developed participants, the dysplasic participants systematically per- ceived the position of moving upper limbs slightly ahead of their real position but only when the anticipated position was not biomechan- ically awkward. Such anticipatory bias and its modulation by implicit knowledge of the body biomechanical constraints were previously considered as indexes of the crucial role of motor simulation in action perception. Our findings undermine this assumption and the theories that place the locus of action perception and comprehension in the motor system and invite a shift in the focus of future research to the question of how the visuo-perceptual system represents and pro- cesses observed body movements and actions.\ 

}, author = {G Vannuscorps and Caramazza, A} } @article {805346, title = {Contextual influences on object representations in the occipito-temporal cortex. [Conference Abstract]}, journal = {Journal of Vision}, volume = {15}, year = {2015}, pages = {1169}, author = {O Cheung and Caramazza, A} } @article {805316, title = {Convergence and divergence in the neural organization of object responses to pictures and words. [Conference Abstract]}, journal = {Journal of Vision}, volume = {15}, year = {2015}, pages = {375}, author = {Konkle, T and X Wang and M Peelen and Caramazza, A and Y Bi} } @article {805291, title = {From Parts to Identity: Invariance and Sensitivity of Face Representations to Different Face Halves}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, year = {2015}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {

Recognizing the identity of a face is computationally challenging, because it requires distinguishing between similar images depicting different people, while recognizing even very different images depicting a same person. Previous human fMRI studies investigated representations of face identity in the presence of changes in viewpoint and in expression. Despite the importance of holistic processing for face recognition, an investigation of representations of face identity across different face parts is missing. To fill this gap, we investigated representations of face identity and their invariance across different face halves. Information about face identity with invariance across changes in the face half was individuated in the right anterior temporal lobe, indicating this region as the most plausible candidate brain area for the representation of face identity. In a complementary analysis, information distinguishing between different face halves was found to decline along the posterior to anterior axis in the ventral stream.

}, url = {http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/01/26/cercor.bhu337.full.pdf+html}, author = {Anzellotti, S and Caramazza, A} } @article {805301, title = {Motor simulation does not underlie action perception: evidence from upper limb dysmelia. [Conference Abstract]}, journal = {Journal of Vision}, volume = {15}, year = {2015}, pages = {559}, author = {G Vannuscorps and Caramazza, A} } @article {805311, title = {Multiple object individuation and subitizing in enumeration: a view from electrophysiology}, journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, volume = {9}, year = {2015}, pages = {162}, abstract = {

What are the processes involved in determining that there are exactly n objects in the visual field? The core level of representation for this process is based on a mechanism that iteratively individuates each of the set of relevant objects for exact enumeration. In support of this proposal, we review recent electrophysiological findings on enumeration-at-a-glance and consider three temporally distinct responses of the EEG signal that are modulated by object numerosity, and which have been associated respectively with perceptual modulation, attention selection, and working memory. We argue that the neural response associated with attention selection shows the hallmarks of an object individuation mechanism, including the property of simultaneous individuation of a limited number of objects thought to underlie the behavioral subitizing effect. The findings support the view that the core component of exact enumeration is an attention-based individuation mechanism that binds specific features to locations and provides a stable representation of a limited set of relevant objects. The resulting representation is made available for further cognitive operations for exact enumeration.

}, author = {V Mazza and Caramazza, A} } @article {805281, title = {Reading Without Speech Sounds: VWFA and its Connectivity in the Congenitally Deaf}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, volume = {25}, year = {2015}, pages = {2416-2426}, abstract = {

The placement and development of the visual word form area (VWFA) have commonly been assumed to depend, in part, on its connections with language regions. In this study, we specifically examined the effects of auditory speech experience deprivation in shaping the VWFA by investigating its location distribution, activation strength, and functional connectivity pattern in congenitally deaf participants. We found that the location and activation strength of the VWFA in congenitally deaf participants were highly comparable with those of hearing controls. Furthermore, while the congenitally deaf group showed reduced resting-state functional connectivity between the VWFA and the auditory speech area in the left anterior superior temporal gyrus, its intrinsic functional connectivity pattern between the VWFA and a fronto-parietal network was similar to that of hearing controls. Taken together, these results suggest that auditory speech experience has consequences for aspects of the word form-speech sound correspondence network, but that such experience does not significantly modulate the VWFA{\textquoteright}s placement or response strength. This is consistent with the view that the role of the VWFA might be to provide a representation that is suitable for mapping visual word forms onto language-specific gestures without the need to construct an aural representation.

}, author = {X Wang and Caramazza, A and M V Peelen and Z Han and Y Bi} } @article {805296, title = {Representational Similarity of Body Parts in Human Occipitotemporal Cortex}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {35}, year = {2015}, pages = {12977-12985}, abstract = {

Regions in human lateral and ventral occipitotemporal cortices (OTC) respond selectively to pictures of the human body and its parts. What are the organizational principles underlying body part responses in these regions? Here we used representational similarity analysis (RSA) of fMRI data to test multiple possible organizational principles: shape similarity, physical proximity, cortical homunculus proximity, and semantic similarity. Participants viewed pictures of whole persons, chairs, and eight body parts (hands, arms, legs, feet, chests, waists, upper faces, and lower faces). The similarity of multivoxel activity patterns for all body part pairs was established in whole person-selective OTC regions. The resulting neural similarity matrices were then compared with similarity matrices capturing the hypothesized organizational principles. Results showed that the semantic similarity model best captured the neural similarity of body parts in lateral and ventral OTC, which followed an organization in three clusters: (1) body parts used as action effectors (hands, feet, arms, and legs), (2) noneffector body parts (chests and waists), and (3) face parts (upper and lower faces). Whole-brain RSA revealed, in addition to OTC, regions in parietal and frontal cortex in which neural similarity was related to semantic similarity. In contrast, neural similarity in occipital cortex was best predicted by shape similarity models. We suggest that the semantic organization of body parts in high-level visual cortex relates to the different functions associated with the three body part clusters, reflecting the unique processing and connectivity demands associated with the different types of information (e.g., action, social) different body parts (e.g., limbs, faces) convey.

}, author = {S Bracci and Caramazza, A and M V Peelen} } @article {805356, title = {Visual search speed is influenced by differences in shape arbitrariness}, journal = {Journal of Vision}, volume = {15}, year = {2015}, pages = {1165}, author = {Leshinskaya, A and Caramazza, A} } @article {805361, title = {Visual search speed is influenced by differences in shape arbitrariness}, journal = {Journal of Vision}, volume = {15}, year = {2015}, pages = {1165}, author = {Leshinskaya, A and Caramazza, A} } @article {805336, title = {What is holistic processing, and is it related to face perception? [Conference Abstract]}, journal = {Journal of Vision}, volume = {15}, year = {2015}, pages = {932}, author = {C Rezlescu and T Susilo and Caramazza, A} } @article {805276, title = {The White Matter Structural Network Underlying Human Tool Use and Tool Understanding}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {35}, year = {2015}, pages = {6822-6835he ability to recognize, create, and use complex tools is a milestone in human evolution. Widely distributed brain regi}, abstract = {

The ability to recognize, create, and use complex tools is a milestone in human evolution. Widely distributed brain regions in parietal, frontal, and temporal cortices have been implicated in using and understanding tools, but the roles of their anatomical connections in supporting tool use and tool conceptual behaviors are unclear. Using deterministic fiber tracking in healthy participants, we first examined how 14 cortical regions that are consistently activated by tool processing are connected by white matter (WM) tracts. The relationship between the integrity of each of the 33 obtained tracts and tool processing deficits across 86 brain-damaged patients was investigated. WM tract integrity was measured with both lesion percentage (structural imaging) and mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values (diffusion imaging). Behavioral abilities were assessed by a tool use task, a range of conceptual tasks, and control tasks. We found that three left hemisphere tracts connecting frontoparietal and intrafrontal areas overlapping with left superior longitudinal fasciculus are crucial for tool use such that larger lesion and lower mean FA values on these tracts were associated with more severe tool use deficits. These tracts and five additional left hemisphere tracts connecting frontal and temporal/parietal regions, mainly overlapping with left superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and anterior thalamic radiation, are crucial for tool concept processing. Largely consistent results were also obtained using voxel-based symptom mapping analyses. Our results revealed the WM structural networks that support the use and conceptual understanding of tools, providing evidence for the anatomical skeleton of the tool knowledge network.

}, author = {Y Bi and Z Han and S Zhong and Y Ma and G Gong and R Huang and L Song and Y Fang and Y He and Caramazza, A} } @article {804516, title = {Abstract categories of functions in anterior parietal lobe}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, volume = {27}, year = {2015}, pages = {27-40}, abstract = {

Knowledge of function is critical for selecting objects to meet action goals, even when the affordances of those objects are not mechanical{\textemdash}for instance, both a painting and a vase can decorate a room. To identify neural representations of such abstract function concepts, we asked participants in an fMRI scanner to view a variety of objects and evaluate their utility to each of four goals (two Decoration goals: dress up for a night out and decorate a house, and two Protection goals: protect your body from the cold and keep objects dry in a flooded basement). These task conditions differed in the kind of functional evaluation participants had to perform over objects, but did not vary in the objects themselves. We performed a searchlight multivariate pattern analysis to identify cortical representations in which neural patterns were more similar for the pairs of similar-goal than dissimilar-goal task conditions (Decorate vs. Protect). We report such effects in anterior inferior parietal lobe (aIPL) close to regions typically reported for processing tool-related actions, and thought to be important for representing how they are manipulated. However, the current study design fully controlled for manipulation similarity, which predicted orthogonal relationships among the conditions. We conclude that the aIPL likely has nearby, but distinct, representations of both manipulation and function knowledge, and thereby may have a broader role in understanding how objects can be used, representing not just physical affordances but also abstract functional criteria such as esthetic value or purpose categories such as\ decorate. This pattern of localization has implications for how semantic knowledge is organized in the brain.

}, author = {Leshinskaya, A and Caramazza, A} } @article {804551, title = {How Visual Is the Visual Cortex? Comparing Connectional and Functional Fingerprints between Congenitally Blind and Sighted Individuals}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {35}, year = {2015}, pages = {12545-12559}, abstract = {

Classical animal visual deprivation studies and human neuroimaging studies have shown that visual experience plays a critical role in shaping the functionality and connectivity of the visual cortex. Interestingly, recent studies have additionally reported circumscribed regions in the visual cortex in which functional selectivity was remarkably similar in individuals with and without visual experience. Here, by directly comparing resting-state and task-based fMRI data in congenitally blind and sighted human subjects, we obtained large-scale continuous maps of the degree to which connectional and functional {\textquotedblleft}fingerprints{\textquotedblright} of ventral visual cortex depend on visual experience. We found a close agreement between connectional and functional maps, pointing to a strong interdependence of connectivity and function. Visual experience (or the absence thereof) had a pronounced effect on the resting-state connectivity and functional response profile of occipital cortex and the posterior lateral fusiform gyrus. By contrast, connectional and functional fingerprints in the anterior medial and posterior lateral parts of the ventral visual cortex were statistically indistinguishable between blind and sighted individuals. These results provide a large-scale mapping of the influence of visual experience on the development of both functional and connectivity properties of visual cortex, which serves as a basis for the formulation of new hypotheses regarding the functionality and plasticity of specific subregions.

}, author = {X Wang and M V Peelen and Z Han and C He and Caramazza, A and Y Bi} } @article {804546, title = {Typical biomechanical bias in the perception of congenitally absent hands}, journal = {Cortex}, volume = {67}, year = {2015}, pages = {147-150}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gilles_Vannuscorps/publication/273388589_Typical_biomechanical_bias_in_the_perception_of_congenitally_absent_hands/links/5533c99f0cf20ea0a0760c63.pdf}, author = {G Vannuscorps and Caramazza, A} } @article {801566, title = {Functional connectivity of visual cortex in the blind follows retinotopic organization principles}, journal = {Brain}, volume = {138}, year = {2015}, pages = {1679-1695}, abstract = {

Is visual input during critical periods of development crucial for the emergence of the fundamental topographical mapping of the visual cortex? And would this structure be retained throughout life-long blindness or would it fade as a result of plastic, use-based reorganization? We used functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging based on intrinsic blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations to investigate whether significant traces of topographical mapping of the visual scene in the form of retinotopic organization, could be found in congenitally blind adults. A group of 11 fully and congenitally blind subjects and 18 sighted controls were studied. The blind demonstrated an intact functional connectivity network structural organization of the three main retinotopic mapping axes: eccentricity (centre-periphery), laterality (left-right), and elevation (upper-lower) throughout the retino- topic cortex extending to high-level ventral and dorsal streams, including characteristic eccentricity biases in face- and house- selective areas. Functional connectivity-based topographic organization in the visual cortex was indistinguishable from the normally sighted retinotopic functional connectivity structure as indicated by clustering analysis, and was found even in participants who did not have a typical retinal development in utero (microphthalmics). While the internal structural organization of the visual cortex was strikingly similar, the blind exhibited profound differences in functional connectivity to other (non-visual) brain regions as compared to the sighted, which were specific to portions of V1. Central V1 was more connected to language areas but peripheral V1 to spatial attention and control networks. These findings suggest that current accounts of critical periods and experience- dependent development should be revisited even for primary sensory areas, in that the connectivity basis for visual cortex large- scale topographical organization can develop without any visual experience and be retained through life-long experience-dependent plasticity. Furthermore, retinotopic divisions of labour, such as that between the visual cortex regions normally representing the fovea and periphery, also form the basis for topographically-unique plastic changes in the blind.\ 

}, author = {E Striem-Amit and S Ovadia-Caro and Caramazza, A and D S Margulies and A Villringer and A Amedi} } @article {806201, title = {Cross-Modal Plasticity Preserves Functional Specialization in Posterior Parietal Cortex}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, volume = {24}, year = {2014}, pages = {541-549}, abstract = {

In congenitally blind individuals, many regions of the brain that are typically heavily involved in visual processing are recruited for a variety of nonvisual sensory and cognitive tasks (Rauschecker 1995; Pascual-Leone et al. 2005). This phenomenon{\textemdash}cross-modal plasticity{\textemdash}has been widely documented, but the principles that de- termine where and how cross-modal changes occur remain poorly understood (Bavelier and Neville 2002). Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that cross-modal plasticity respects the type of compu- tations performed by a region, even as it changes the modality of the inputs over which they are carried out (Pascual-Leone and Hamilton 2001). We compared the fMRI signal in sighted and con- genitally blind participants during proprioceptively guided reaching. We show that parietooccipital reach-related regions retain their functional role{\textemdash}encoding of the spatial position of the reach target {\textemdash}even as the dominant modality in this region changes from visual to nonvisual inputs. This suggests that the computational role of a region, independently of the processing modality, codetermines its potential cross-modal recruitment. Our findings demonstrate that preservation of functional properties can serve as a guiding prin- ciple for cross-modal plasticity even in visuomotor cortical regions, i.e. beyond the early visual cortex and other traditional visual areas.

}, author = {Lingnau, A and Strnad, L and C He and S Fabbri and Z Han and Y Bi and Caramazza, A} } @article {806226, title = {Grasping with the eyes: The role of elongation in visual recognition of manipulable objects}, journal = {Cognitive, Affective, \& Behavioral Neuroscience}, volume = {14}, year = {2014}, pages = {319-335}, abstract = {

Processing within the dorsal visual stream subserves object-directed action, whereas visual object recognition is mediated by the ventral visual stream. Recent findings suggest that the computations performed by the dorsal stream can nevertheless influence object recognition. Little is known, however, about the type of dorsal stream information that is available to assist in object recognition. Here, we present a series of experiments that explored different psychophysical manipulations known to bias the processing of a stimulus toward the dorsal visual stream in order to isolate its contribution to object recognition. We show that elongated-shaped stimuli, regardless of their semantic category and familiarity, when processed by the dorsal stream, elicit visuomotor grasp-related information that affects how we categorize manipulable objects. Elongated stimuli may reduce ambiguity during grasp preparation by providing a coarse cue to hand shaping and orientation that is sufficient to support action planning. We propose that this dorsal-stream-based analysis of elongation along a principal axis is the basis for how the dorsal visual object processing stream can affect categorization of manipulable objects.

}, author = {Almeida, J. and B Z Mahon and Zapater-Raberov, V. and Dziuba, A. and T Cabaco and Marques, J.F. and Caramazza, A} } @article {806276, title = {Individuating the neural bases for the recognition of conspecifics with MVPA}, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {89}, year = {2014}, pages = {165-170}, abstract = {

Conspecifics are potential mates, and can be the most dangerous threats. With conspecifics we engage in complex social interactions. Therefore, it is important to rapidly detect the presence of conspecifics in a scene. Images of humans attract attention, and do so already in 9-months-old infants, showing that the distinction between conspecifics and other animals emerges early in development. However, despite a wealth of evidence on the behavioral differences between the processing of conspecifics and other animals, the neural mechanisms that underlie the recognition of conspecifics remain unknown. In this experiment, we used recursive feature elimination to individuate brain regions that show selective effects for the faces of conspecifics, individuating reliable conspecific effects in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC). Consistent with the importance of conspecifics recognition for reorienting attention and for social cognition, this region shows functional connectivity with the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), implicated in reorienting attention and in the attribution of mental states to others. Our results suggest that the right vlPFC plays an important role for the recognition of conspecifics and may function as a gateway for the attribution of mental states to an object.

}, author = {Anzellotti, S and Caramazza, A} } @article {806441, title = {Invariant representations of face identity in the ATL. [Conference Abstract]}, journal = {Journal of Vision}, volume = {14}, year = {2014}, pages = {1451}, author = {Anzellotti, S and Caramazza, A} } @article {806261, title = {Left occipitotemporal cortex contributes to the discrimination of tool-associated hand actions: fMRI and TMS evidence}, journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, volume = {8}, year = {2014}, pages = {591}, abstract = {

Functional neuroimaging studies have implicated the left lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) in both tool and hand perception but the functional role of this region is not fully known. Here, by using a task manipulation, we tested whether tool-/hand-selective LOTC contributes to the discrimination of tool-associated hand actions. Participants viewed briefly presented pictures of kitchen and garage tools while they performed one of two tasks: in the action task, they judged whether the tool is associated with a hand rotation action (e.g., screwdriver) or a hand squeeze action (e.g., garlic press), while in the location task they judged whether the tool is typically found in the kitchen (e.g., garlic press) or in the garage (e.g., screwdriver). Both tasks were performed on the same stimulus set and were matched for difficulty. Contrasting fMRI responses between these tasks showed stronger activity during the action task than the location task in both tool- and hand-selective LOTC regions, which closely overlapped. No differences were found in nearby object- and motion-selective control regions. Importantly, these findings were confirmed by a TMS study, which showed that effective TMS over the tool-/hand-selective LOTC region significantly slowed responses for tool action discriminations relative to tool location discriminations, with no such difference during sham TMS. We conclude that left LOTC contributes to the discrimination of tool-associated hand actions.\ 

}, author = {F Perini and Caramazza, A and M V Peelen} } @article {806206, title = {The neural mechanisms for the recognition of face identity in humans}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, pages = {672}, abstract = {

Every day we encounter dozens of people, and in order to interact with them appropriately we need to recognize their identity. The face is a crucial source of information to recognize a person{\textquoteright}s identity. However, recognizing the identity of a face is challenging because it requires distinguishing between very similar images (e.g., the front views of two different faces) while categorizing very different images (e.g., a front view and a profile) as the same person. Neuroimaging has the whole-brain coverage needed to investigate where representations of face identity are encoded, but it is limited in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. In this article, we review recent neuroimaging research that attempted to investigate the representation of face identity, the challenges it faces, and the proposed solutions, to conclude that given the current state of the evidence the right anterior temporal lobe is the most promising candidate region for the representation of face identity.\ 

}, author = {Anzellotti, S and Caramazza, A} } @article {806211, title = {Nonmotor Aspects of Action Concepts}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {26}, year = {2014}, pages = {2863-2879}, abstract = {

Reading an action verb elicits the retrieval of its associated body movements as well as its typical goal{\textemdash}the outcome to which it is directed. Two fMRI experiments are reported in which retrieval of goal attributes was isolated from retrieval of motoric ones by contrasting actions that are either done intentionally (e.g., drink) and thus have associated goal information or by accident (e.g., hiccup). Orthogonally, the actions also varied in their motoricity (e.g., drink vs. imagine). Across both levels of motoricity, goal-directedness influenced the activity of a portion of left posterior inferior parietal lobe (pIPL). These effects were not explicable by the grammatical properties, imageability, or amount of body movement associated with these different types of verbs. In contrast, motoricity (across levels of goal-directedness) activated primarily the left middle temporal gyrus. Furthermore, pIPL was found to be distinct from the portion of left parietal lobe implicated in theory of mind, as localized in the same participants. This is consistent with the observation that pIPL contains many functionally distinct subregions and that some of these support conceptual knowledge. The present findings illustrate that, in particular, the pIPL is involved in representing attributes of intentional actions, likely their typical goals, but not their associated body movements. This result serves to describe an attribute-selective semantic subsystem for at least one type of nonmotor aspect of action knowledge.

}, author = {Leshinskaya, A and Caramazza, A} } @article {806426, title = {The origin and function of mirror neurons: The missing link}, journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, volume = {37}, year = {2014}, pages = {209-210}, abstract = {

We argue, by analogy to the neural organization of the object recognition system, that demonstration of modulation of mirror neurons by associative learning does not imply absence of genetic adaptation. Innate connectivity defines the types of processes mirror neurons can participate in while allowing for extensive local plasticity. However, the proper function of these neurons remains to be worked out.

}, author = {Lingnau, A and Caramazza, A} } @article {806186, title = {The Origin of Word-related Motor Activity}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

Conceptual processing of verbs consistently recruits the left pos- terior middle temporal gyrus (lpMTG). The left precentral motor cortex also responds to verbs, with higher activity for action than nonaction verbs. The early timing of this effect has suggested that motor features of words{\textquoteright} meaning are accessed directly, bypassing access to conceptual representations in lpMTG. An alternative hypothesis is that the retrieval of conceptual representations in lpMTG is necessary to drive more specific, motor-related represen- tations in the precentral gyrus. To test these hypotheses, we first showed that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the verb-preferring lpMTG site selectively impoverished the semantic processing of verbs. In a second experiment, rTMS per- turbation of lpMTG, relative to no stimulation (no-rTMS), eliminated the action{\textendash}nonaction verb distinction in motor activity, as indexed by motor-evoked potentials induced in peripheral muscles with single- pulse TMS over the left primary motor cortex. rTMS pertubation of an occipital control site, relative to no-rTMS, did not affect the action{\textendash}nonaction verb distinction in motor activity, but the verb con- trast did not differ reliably from the lpMTG effect. The results show that lpMTG carries core semantic information necessary to drive the activation of specific (motor) features in the precentral gyrus.\ 

}, author = {L Papeo and Lingnau, A and S Agosta and A Pascual-Leone and L Battelli and Caramazza, A} } @article {806191, title = {Overlapping representations for grip type and reach direction}, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {94}, year = {2014}, pages = {138-146}, abstract = {

To grasp an object, we need to move the arm toward it and assume the appropriate hand configuration. While previous studies suggested dorsomedial and dorsolateral pathways in the brain specialized respectively for the transport and grip components, more recent studies cast doubt on such a clear-cut distinction. It is unclear, however, to which degree neuronal populations selective for the two components overlap, and if so, to which degree they interact. Here, we used multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to investigate the representation of three center-out movements (touch, pincer grip, whole-hand grip) performed in five reach directions. We found selectivity exclusively for reach direction in posterior and rostral superior parietal lobes (SPLp, SPLr), supplementary motor area (SMA), and the superior portion of dorsal premotor cortex (PMDs). Instead, we found selectivity for both grip type and reach direction in the inferior portion of dorsal premotor cortex (PMDi), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), primary motor (M1), somatosensory (S1) cortices and the anterior superior parietal lobe (SPLa). Within these regions, PMv, M1, aIPS and SPLa showed weak interactions between the transport and grip components. Our results suggest that human PMDi and S1 contain both grip- and reach-direction selective neuronal populations that retain their functional independence, whereas this information might be combined at the level of PMv, M1, aIPS, and SPLa.

}, author = {S Fabbri and Strnad, L and Caramazza, A and Lingnau, A} } @article {806256, title = {Predication Drives Verb Cortical Signatures}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {26}, year = {2014}, pages = {1829-1839}, abstract = {

Verbs and nouns are fundamental units of language, but their neural instantiation remains poorly understood. Neuro- psychological research has shown that nouns and verbs can be damaged independently of each other, and neuroimaging re- search has found that several brain regions respond differen- tially to the two word classes. However, the semantic{\textendash}lexical properties of verbs and nouns that drive these effects remain unknown. Here we show that the most likely candidate is pre- dication: a core lexical feature involved in binding constituent arguments (boy, candies) into a unified syntactic{\textendash}semantic structure expressing a proposition (the boy likes the candies). We used functional neuroimaging to test whether the intrinsic\ {\textquotedblleft}predication-building{\textquotedblright} function of verbs is what drives the verb{\textendash}noun distinction in the brain. We first identified verb- preferring regions with a localizer experiment including verbs and nouns. Then, we examined whether these regions are sensitive to transitivity{\textemdash}an index measuring its tendency to select for a direct object. Transitivity is a verb-specific prop- erty lying at the core of its predication function. Neural activ- ity in the left posterior middle temporal and inferior frontal gyri correlates with transitivity, indicating sensitivity to predi- cation. This represents the first evidence that grammatical class preference in the brain is driven by a word's function to build predication structures.

}, author = {M Hernandez and S L Fairhall and A Lenci and M Baroni and Caramazza, A} } @article {806401, title = {Task influences on the production and comprehension of compound words}, journal = {Memory \& Cognition}, volume = {42}, year = {2014}, pages = {780-793}, author = {N Janssen and P E Pajtas and Caramazza, A} } @article {806271, title = {When {\textquotedblleft}ultrarapid{\textquotedblright} word-related motor activity is not faster than {\textquotedblleft}early{\textquotedblright}}, journal = {Frontiers of Human Neuroscience}, volume = {8}, year = {2014}, pages = {842}, url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00842/full}, author = {L Papeo and Caramazza, A} } @article {801561, title = {Nonvisual and visual object shape representations in occipitotemporal cortex: evidence from congenitally blind and sighted adults}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {34}, year = {2014}, pages = {163-170}, abstract = {

Knowledge of object shape is primarily acquired through the visual modality but can also be acquired through other sensory modalities. In the present study, we investigated the representation of object shape in humans without visual experience. Congenitally blind and sighted participants rated the shape similarity of pairs of 33 familiar objects, referred to by their names. The resulting shape similarity matrices were highly similar for the two groups, indicating that knowledge of the objects{\textquoteright} shapes was largely independent of visual experience. Using fMRI, we tested for brain regions that represented object shape knowledge in blind and sighted participants. Multivoxel activity patterns were established for each of the 33 aurally presented object names. Sighted participants additionally viewed pictures of these objects. Using representational similarity analysis, neural similarity matrices were related to the behavioral shape similarity matrices. Results showed that activity patterns in occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) regions, including inferior temporal (IT) cortex and functionally defined object-selective cortex (OSC), reflected the behavioral shape similarity ratings in both blind and sighted groups, also when controlling for the objects{\textquoteright} tactile and semantic similarity. Furthermore, neural similarity matrices of IT and OSC showed similar- ities across blind and sighted groups (within the auditory modality) and across modality (within the sighted group), but not across both modality and group (blind auditory{\textendash}sighted visual). Together, these findings provide evidence that OTC not only represents objects visually (requiring visual experience) but also represents objects nonvisually, reflecting knowledge of object shape independently of the modality through which this knowledge was acquired.\ 

}, author = {M V Peelen and C He and Z Han and Caramazza, A and Y Bi} } @article {687181, title = {Embodied cognition and mirror neurons: a critical assessment}, journal = {Annual Review of Neuroscience}, year = {2014}, author = {Caramazza, A and Anzellotti, S and Strnad, L and Lingnau, A} } @article {687186, title = {Mood-dependent integration in discourse comprehension: Happy and sad moods affect consistency processing via different brain networks}, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {103}, year = {2014}, pages = {20-32}, abstract = {

According to recent research on language comprehension, the semantic features of a text are not the only determinants of whether incoming information is understood as consistent. Listeners{\textquoteright} pre-existing affective states play a crucial role as well. The current fMRI experiment examines the effects of happy and sad moods during comprehension of consistent and inconsistent story endings, focusing on brain regions previously linked to two integration processes: inconsistency detection, evident in stronger responses to inconsistent endings, and fluent processing (accumulation), evident in stronger responses to consistent endings. The analysis evaluated whether differences in the BOLD response for consistent and inconsistent story endings correlated with self-reported mood scores after a mood induction procedure. Mood strongly affected regions previously associated with inconsistency detection. Happy mood increased sensitivity to inconsistency in regions specific for inconsistency detection (e.g., left IFG, left STS), whereas sad mood increased sensitivity to inconsistency in regions less specific for language processing (e.g., right med FG, right SFG). Mood affected more weakly regions involved in accumulation of information. These results show that mood can influence activity in areas mediating well-defined language processes, and highlight that integration is the result of context-dependent mechanisms. The finding that language comprehension can involve different networks depending on people{\textquoteright}s mood highlights the brain{\textquoteright}s ability to reorganize its functions.

}, author = {Caramazza, A and Egidi, G} } @inbook {687056, title = {Organization and Structure of Conceptual Representations}, booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Language Production}, year = {2014}, pages = {118-133}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, author = {Leshinskaya, A and Caramazza, A}, editor = {Ferreira, V and Goldrick, M and Miozzo, M} } @inbook {687221, title = {The Organization of Lexical Knowledge in the Brain: The Grammatical Dimension}, booktitle = {Cognitive Neurosciences}, year = {2004}, pages = {803-814}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, edition = {3}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, author = {Shapiro, K. and Caramazza, A}, editor = {Gazzaniga , M.S.} } @article {866706, title = {Haptic processing by the left hemisphere in a split-brain patient}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, volume = {35}, year = {1997}, pages = {1275-1287}, author = {Caramazza, A and M Badan} } @article {866721, title = {How many levels of processing are there in lexical access?}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {14}, year = {1997}, pages = {177-208}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {866746, title = {Identity and similarity factors in repetition blindness: Implications for lexical processing}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {63}, year = {1997}, pages = {79-119}, abstract = {

The influence of identity and similarity of repeated items on repetition blindness (RB) was investigated in two rapid-serial-visual processing (RSVP) tasks. In Experiment 1, the difference between correct recall for sentences containing repeated identical items and their controls was contrasted with the difference between correct recall for sentences containing pairs of orthographically similar items (fish {\textendash} dish) and their controls. In Experiment 2 the same comparison was made between sentences containing repeated identical items and sentences containing pairs of orthographically identical items (the watch {\textendash} to watch). The amount of RB elicited by the two conditions was measured at three different temporal lags. The results show that the function that describes performance over time for the repeated- identical (R-I) condition is different from that for the condition in which the items are orthographically similar (repeated-neighbor: R-N) or orthographically identical (repeated- homonym: R-H). The results are interpreted as suggesting that the decrements in performance observed for recall of the second occurrence of the repeated item in the R-I and the R-N and R-H conditions have different underlying causes. \ 

}, author = {Caramazza, A and D Chialant} } @article {866756, title = {Morpho-lexical representations in naming}, journal = {Language and Cognitive Processes}, volume = {12}, year = {1997}, pages = {49-56}, abstract = {

In two naming experiments, it was shown that response times for morphologically structured pseudowords are faster than those for orthographically matched controls. These results are consistent with those obtained in lexical decision tasks with morphologically structured pseudowords. The implications of these results for models of lexical processing are considered. In particular, it is argued that the results reported provide support for compositional models of lexical knowledge.\ 

}, author = {A Laudanna and A Cermele and Caramazza, A} } @article {866736, title = {The relation between syntactic and phonological knowledge in lexical access: Evidence from the "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {64}, year = {1997}, pages = {309-343}, abstract = {

The relation between access to the syntactic and to the phonological features of words in lexical access is investigated in two experiments. Italian speakers were asked to provide the gender and partial phonological information of known nouns they could not produce at that moment, words that they felt were at the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT). In both experiments, subjects were able to provide information about the word they could not produce with better-than-chance accuracy. This was true not only for phonological information such as the initial phoneme of the word but also for the word{\textquoteright}s gender {\textendash} a purely syntactic feature of nouns. However, analyses of the correlation between correct retrieval of the gender and the initial phoneme failed to reveal a positive relationship. This result is inconsistent with theories of lexical access that interpose two lexical nodes, lemma and lexeme nodes, between a word{\textquoteright}s semantic and phonological content. A model of lexical access that does not postulate the lemma/lexeme distinction is briefly discussed.\ 

}, author = {Caramazza, A and Miozzo, M} } @article {811321, title = {Lexical morphology and the two orthographic routes}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {13}, year = {1996}, pages = {161-175}, author = {W Badecker and B Rapp and Caramazza, A} } @article {811311, title = {Neuropsychology: Pictures, words and the brain}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {383}, year = {1996}, pages = {216-217}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {811316, title = {Neuropsychology: The brain{\textquoteright}s dictionary}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {380}, year = {1996}, pages = {485-486}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {811326, title = {The role of the graphemic buffer in reading}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {13}, year = {1996}, pages = {673-698}, author = {Caramazza, A and R Capasso and G Miceli} } @article {811346, title = {The status of double letters in graphemic representations}, journal = {Journal of Memory \& Language}, volume = {35}, year = {1996}, pages = {53-73}, author = {M J Tainturier and Caramazza, A} } @article {811331, title = {Temporal and spatial repetition blindness: Effects of presentation mode and repetition lag on the perception of repeated items}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception \& Performance}, volume = {22}, year = {1996}, pages = {95-113}, author = {C R Lou and Caramazza, A} } @article {811341, title = {The treatment of anomia resulting from output lexical damage: Analysis of two cases}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {52}, year = {1996}, pages = {150-174}, author = {G Miceli and A Amitrano and R Capasso and Caramazza, A} } @article {811271, title = {Cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying visual and semantic processing: Implications from "optic aphasia."}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {7}, year = {1995}, pages = {457-478}, author = {A E Hillis and Caramazza, A} } @article {811291, title = {Constraining claims about theories of semantic memory: More on unitary versus multiple semantics}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {12}, year = {1995}, pages = {175-186}, author = {A E Hillis and B Rapp and Caramazza, A} } @article {811276, title = {Converging evidence for the interaction of semantic and sublexical phonological information in accessing lexical representations for spoken output}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {12}, year = {1995}, pages = {187-227}, author = {A E Hillis and Caramazza, A} } @article {811266, title = {A framework for interpreting distinct patterns of hemispatial neglect}, journal = {Neurocase}, volume = {1}, year = {1995}, pages = {189-207}, author = {A E Hillis and Caramazza, A} } @article {811296, title = {Repetition blindness under minimum memory load: Effects of spatial and temporal proximity and the encoding effectiveness of the first item}, journal = {Perception \& Psychophysics}, volume = {57}, year = {1995}, pages = {1053-1064}, author = {C R Lou and Caramazza, A} } @article {811281, title = {Representation of grammatical categories of words in the brain}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {7}, year = {1995}, pages = {396-407}, author = {A E Hillis and Caramazza, A} } @article {811306, title = {Selective deficit in processing double letters}, journal = {Cortex}, volume = {31}, year = {1995}, pages = {161-171}, author = {G Miceli and B Benvegn{\`u} and R Capasso and Caramazza, A} } @article {811286, title = {Spatially specific deficits in processing graphemic representations in reading and writing}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {48}, year = {1995}, pages = {263-308}, author = {A E Hillis and Caramazza, A} } @article {811241, title = {The interaction of lexical and sublexical processes in reading, writing and repetition}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, volume = {32}, year = {1994}, pages = {317-333}, author = {G Miceli and R Capasso and Caramazza, A} } @article {811236, title = {Parallels and divergences in the acquisition and dissolution of language}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Series B}, volume = {346}, year = {1994}, pages = {121-127}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {811251, title = {The assignment of word stress in oral reading: Evidence from a case of acquired dyslexia}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {10}, year = {1993}, pages = {273-295}, author = {G Miceli and Caramazza, A} } @article {811256, title = {On the distinction between deficits of access and deficits of storage: A question of theory}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {10}, year = {1993}, pages = {113-141}, author = {B Rapp and Caramazza, A} } @article {811246, title = {For a theory of remediation of cognitive deficits}, journal = {Neuropsychological Rehabilitation}, volume = {3}, year = {1993}, pages = {217-234}, author = {Caramazza, A and A Hillis} } @article {811261, title = {The role of representations in cognitive theory: More on multiple semantics and the agnosias}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {10}, year = {1993}, pages = {235-249}, author = {B C Rapp and A E Hillis and Caramazza, A} } @article {811211, title = {Is cognitive neuropsychology possible?}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {4}, year = {1992}, pages = {80-95}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {811226, title = {Evidence for different types of lexical representations in the cerebral hemispheres}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {9}, year = {1992}, pages = {33-45}, author = {O Koenig and C Wetzel and Caramazza, A} } @article {811216, title = {Not everything is the same: Some things are worse than others: A response to Tesak}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {43}, year = {1992}, pages = {519-527}, author = {A E Hillis and Caramazza, A} } @article {811231, title = {Processing inflectional and derivational morphology}, journal = {Journal of Memory \& Language}, volume = {31}, year = {1992}, pages = {333-348}, author = {A Laudanna and W Badecker and Caramazza, A} } @article {811161, title = {Category specific naming and comprehension impairment: A double dissociation}, journal = {Brain}, volume = {114}, year = {1991}, pages = {2081-2094}, author = {A E Hillis and Caramazza, A} } @article {811196, title = {On crude data and impoverished theory}, journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, volume = {14}, year = {1991}, pages = {453-454}, author = {M McCloskey and Caramazza, A} } @article {811176, title = {Deficit to stimulus-centered, letter shape representations in a case of "unilateral neglect"}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, volume = {29}, year = {1991}, pages = {1223-1240}, author = {A E Hillis and Caramazza, A} } @article {811201, title = {The interaction of lexical and non-lexical processing mechanisms: Evidence from anomia}, journal = {Cortex}, volume = {27}, year = {1991}, pages = {57-80}, author = {G Miceli and L Giustolisi and Caramazza, A} } @article {811186, title = {Mechanisms for accessing lexical representations for output: Evidence from a category-specific semantic deficit}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {40}, year = {1991}, pages = {106-144}, author = {A E Hillis and Caramazza, A} } @article {811111, title = {The poverty of methodology}, journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, volume = {14}, year = {1991}, pages = {444-445}, author = {Caramazza, A and M Mccluskey} } @article {811116, title = {Selective impairment of thematic role assignment in sentence processing}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {41}, year = {1991}, pages = {402-436}, author = {Caramazza, A and G Miceli} } @article {811206, title = {Spatially determined deficits in letter and word processing}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {8}, year = {1991}, pages = {275-311}, author = {B C Rapp and Caramazza, A} } @article {807596, title = {Clinical syndromes are not God{\textquoteright}s gift to cognitive neuropsychology: A reply to a rebuttal to an answer to a response to the case against syndrome-based research}, journal = {Brain \& Cognition}, volume = {16}, year = {1991}, pages = {211-227}, author = {Caramazza, A and W Bedecker} } @article {807586, title = {Data, statistics, and theory: A comment on Bates, McDonald, MacWhinney, and Applebaum{\textquoteright}s "A maximum likelihood procedure for the analysis of group and individual data in aphasia research"}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {41}, year = {1991}, pages = {43-51}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {807611, title = {Lexical organization of nouns and verbs in the brain}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {349}, year = {1991}, pages = {788-790}, author = {Caramazza, A and A E Hillis} } @article {807561, title = {Morphological composition in the lexical output system}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {8}, year = {1991}, pages = {335-367}, author = {W Badecker and Caramazza, A} } @article {807576, title = {Varieties of sentence comprehension deficits: A case study}, journal = {Cortex}, volume = {27}, year = {1991}, pages = {311-321}, author = {W Badecker and P Nathan and Caramazza, A} } @book {687066, title = {Issues in reading, writing and speaking: A neuropsychological perspective}, year = {1991}, publisher = {Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers}, organization = {Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.amazon.com/dp/9401056633/ref=rdr_ext_tmb}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {807496, title = {Levels of representation, co-ordinate frames, and unilateral neglect}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {7}, year = {1990}, pages = {391-445}, author = {Caramazza, A and A E Hills} } @article {807491, title = {Lexical morphology and its role in the writing process: Evidence from a case of acquired dysgraphia}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {35}, year = {1990}, pages = {205-243}, author = {W Badecker and A E Hills and Caramazza, A} } @article {807506, title = {The multiple semantics hypothesis: Multiple confusions?}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {7}, year = {1990}, pages = {161-189}, author = {Caramazza, A and A E Hillis and B C Rapp and C Romani} } @article {807541, title = {Operation of the phoneme-to-grapheme conversion mechanism in a brain injured patient}, journal = {Reading \& Writing}, volume = {2}, year = {1990}, pages = {61-82}, author = {R J Sanders and Caramazza, A} } @article {807536, title = {Selective impairment of semantics in lexical processing}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {7}, year = {1990}, pages = {191-243}, author = {A E Hillis and B C Rapp and C Romani and Caramazza, A} } @article {807501, title = {Spatial representation of words in the brain implied by studies of a unilateral neglect patient}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {346}, year = {1990}, pages = {267-269}, author = {Caramazza, A and A E Hillis} } @article {807526, title = {The structure of graphemic representations}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {37}, year = {1990}, pages = {243-297}, author = {Caramazza, A and G Miceli} } @article {807511, title = {Where do semantic errors come from?}, journal = {Cortex}, volume = {26}, year = {1990}, pages = {95-122}, author = {Caramazza, A and A E Hillis} } @book {687071, title = {Cognitive Neuropsychology and Neurolinguistics: Advances in Models of cognitive function and impairment}, year = {1990}, publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, organization = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, address = {Hillsdale, NJ}, url = {http://www.amazon.com/Cognitive-Neuropsychology-Neurolinguistics-Advances-Impairment/dp/0898598923}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {806766, title = {The disruption of sentence production: Some dissociations}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {36}, year = {1989}, pages = {625-650}, author = {Caramazza, A and A E Hillis} } @article {806796, title = {General to specific access to word meaning: A claim re-examined}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {6}, year = {1989}, pages = {251-272}, author = {B C Rapp and Caramazza, A} } @article {806776, title = {The graphemic buffer and attentional mechanisms}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {36}, year = {1989}, pages = {208-235}, author = {A E Hillis and Caramazza, A} } @article {806801, title = {Letter processing in reading and spelling: Some dissociations}, journal = {Reading \& Writing}, volume = {1}, year = {1989}, pages = {3-23}, author = {B C Rapp and Caramazza, A} } @article {806746, title = {A lexical distinction between inflection and derivation}, journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, volume = {20}, year = {1989}, pages = {108-116}, author = {W Badecker and Caramazza, A} } @article {806756, title = {Patient classification in neuropsychological research}, journal = {Brain \& Cognition}, volume = {10}, year = {1989}, pages = {256-295}, author = {Caramazza, A and W Badecker} } @article {806786, title = {Priming homographic stems}, journal = {Journal of Memory \& Language}, volume = {28}, year = {1989}, pages = {531-546}, author = {A Luadanna and W Bedecker and Caramazza, A} } @article {806791, title = {Variation in the pattern of omissions and substitutions of grammatical morphemes in the spontaneous speech of so-called agrammatic patients}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {36}, year = {1989}, pages = {447-492}, author = {G Miceli and M C Silveri and C Romani and Caramazza, A} } @article {806751, title = {Verso una neuropsicologia computazionale del linguaggio. [Toward a computational neuropsychology of language.]}, journal = {Sistemi Intelligenti}, volume = {1}, year = {1989}, pages = {327-340}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {806726, title = {The case for single-patient studies}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {5}, year = {1988}, pages = {517-527}, author = {Caramazza, A and M McCloskey} } @article {806736, title = {Dissociation of inflectional and derivational morphology}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {35}, year = {1988}, pages = {24-65}, author = {G Miceli and Caramazza, A} } @article {806721, title = {Lexical access and inflectional morphology}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {28}, year = {1988}, pages = {297-332}, author = {Caramazza, A and A Laudanna and C Romani} } @article {806741, title = {Patterns of dissociation in comprehension and production of nouns and verbs}, journal = {Aphasiology}, volume = {1}, year = {1988}, pages = {351-358}, author = {G Miceli and M C Silveri and U Nocentini and Caramazza, A} } @article {806706, title = {Some aspects of language processing revealed through the analysis of acquired aphasia: The lexical system}, journal = {Annual Review of Neuroscience}, volume = {11}, year = {1988}, pages = {395-421}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {806731, title = {Theory and methodology in cognitive neuropsychology: A response to our critics}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {5}, year = {1988}, pages = {583-623}, author = {M McCloskey and Caramazza, A} } @article {806716, title = {When is enough, enough? A Comment on Grodzinsky and Marek{\textquoteright}s "Algorithmic and heuristic processes revisited"}, journal = {Brain and Language}, volume = {33}, year = {1988}, pages = {399}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {806461, title = {Dissociation of functions in a case of transcortical sensory aphasia. Cognitive Neuropsychology}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {4}, year = {1987}, pages = {79-107}, author = {R S Berndt and A Basili and Caramazza, A} } @article {806476, title = {Patterns of dysgraphia and the nonlexical spelling process}, journal = {Cortex}, volume = {23}, year = {1987}, pages = {143-148}, author = {R Goodman-Schulman and Caramazza, A} } @article {806466, title = {Representation and processing of derived words}, journal = {Language \& Cognitive Processes}, volume = {2}, year = {1987}, pages = {217-227}, author = {C Burani and Caramazza, A} } @article {806471, title = {The role of the Graphemic Buffer in spelling: Evidence from a case of acquired dysgraphia}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {26}, year = {1987}, pages = {59-85}, abstract = {

\ dysgraphic patient is described whose deficit is hypothesized to arise from selective damage to the Graphemic Buffer. The patient{\textquoteright}s roughly comparable difficulties in oral and written spelling and comparable spelling difficulties in written naming, delayed copy and spelling-to-dictation rule out the hypothesis of selective damage to either input or output mechanisms. More importantly, the nature of the errors produced by the patient and the fact that these errors were distributed virtually identically for familiar and novel words. were taken as strong evidence for the hypothesis that L. B. {\textquoteleft}s spelling disorder results from selective damage to the Graphemic Buffer. Various aspects of the patient{\textquoteright}s performance are discussed in relation to a functional architecture of the spelling process and in terms of the processing structure of the Graphemic Buffer,\ 

}, author = {Caramazza, A and G Miceli and G Villa and C Romani} } @article {803111, title = {The analysis of morphological errors in a case of acquired dyslexia}, journal = {Brain and Language}, volume = {32}, year = {1987}, pages = {278-305}, author = {W Badecker and Caramazza, A} } @article {803071, title = {Aspects of the spelling process: Evidence from a case of acquired dysgraphia}, journal = {Language \& Cognitive Processes}, volume = {1}, year = {1986}, pages = {263-296}, author = {R A Goodman and Caramazza, A} } @article {803096, title = {Dissociation of spelling errors in written and oral spelling: The role of allographic conversion in writing}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {3}, year = {1986}, pages = {179-206}, author = {R A Goodman and Caramazza, A} } @article {803081, title = {On drawing inferences about the structure of normal cognitive systems from the analysis of patterns of impaired performance: The case for single-patient studies}, journal = {Brain \& Cognition}, volume = {5}, year = {1986}, pages = {41-66}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {803076, title = {A final brief in the case against agrammatism: The role of theory in the selection of data}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {24}, year = {1986}, pages = {277-282}, author = {W Badecker and Caramazza, A} } @article {803086, title = {The role of the (output) phonological buffer in reading, writing, and repetition}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {3}, year = {1986}, pages = {37-76}, author = {Caramazza, A and G Miceli and G Villa} } @article {803051, title = {Category-specific naming deficit following cerebral infarction}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {316}, year = {1985}, pages = {439-440}, author = {Hart, J. and R S Berndt and Caramazza, A} } @article {803066, title = {Cognitive mechanisms in number processing and calculation: Evidence from dyscalculia}, journal = {Brain \& Cognition}, volume = {4}, year = {1985}, pages = {171-196}, author = {M McCloskey and Caramazza, A and A Basili} } @article {803026, title = {On considerations of method and theory governing the use of clinical categories in neurolinguistics and cognitive neuropsychology: The case against agrammatism}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {20}, year = {1985}, pages = {97-125}, author = {W Badecker and Caramazza, A} } @article {803041, title = {Lexical access and frequency sensitivity: Frequency saturation and open/closed class equivalence}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {21}, year = {1985}, pages = {95-115}, author = {B Gordon and Caramazza, A} } @article {803031, title = {Reading mechanisms and the organisation of the lexicon: Evidence from acquired dyslexia}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology}, volume = {2}, year = {1985}, pages = {81-114}, author = {Caramazza, A and G Miceli and M C Silveri} } @article {803001, title = {Accesso lessicale e decomposizione morfologica. [Morphological decomposition and lexical access]}, journal = {Ricerche di Psicologia}, volume = {8}, year = {1984}, pages = {115-141}, author = {C Burani and Caramazza, A} } @article {803011, title = {On the basis for the agrammatic{\textquoteright}s difficulty in producing main verbs}, journal = {Cortex}, volume = {20}, year = {1984}, pages = {207-220}, author = {G Miceli and M C Silveri and G Villa and Caramazza, A} } @article {802996, title = {The logic of neuropsychological research and the problem of patient classification in aphasia}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {21}, year = {1984}, pages = {9-20}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {802991, title = {Morphological structure and lexical access}, journal = {Visible Language}, volume = {18}, year = {1984}, pages = {342-352}, author = {C Burani and D Salmaso and Caramazza, A} } @article {789711, title = {An analysis of writing in a case of deep dyslexia}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {20}, year = {1983}, pages = {305-328}, author = {K A Nolan and Caramazza, A} } @article {789706, title = {Closed- and open-class lexical access in agrammatic and fluent aphasics}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {20}, year = {1983}, pages = {305-328}, author = {B Gordon and Caramazza, A} } @article {789701, title = {The selective impairment of phonological processing: A case study.}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {18}, year = {1983}, pages = {128-174}, author = {Caramazza, A and R S Berndt and A G Basili} } @article {789671, title = {A comment on Heeschen{\textquoteright}s "Strategies of decoding actor-object relations by aphasic patients"}, journal = {Cortex}, volume = {18}, year = {1982}, pages = {159-160}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {789681, title = {Lexical decision for open- and closed-class words: Failure to replicate differential frequency sensitivity}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {15}, year = {1982}, pages = {143-160}, author = {B Gordon and Caramazza, A} } @article {789691, title = {Modality-independent impairments in word processing in a deep dyslexic patien}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {16}, year = {1982}, pages = {237-264}, author = {Caramazza, A and K A Nolan} } @article {789666, title = {Phrase comprehension after brain damage}, journal = {Applied Psycholinguistics}, volume = {3}, year = {1982}, pages = {263-278}, author = {R S Berndt and Caramazza, A} } @article {789676, title = {The semantic deficit hypothesis: Perceptual parsing and object classification by aphasic patients}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {15}, year = {1982}, pages = {161-189}, author = {Caramazza, A and R S Berndt and H H Brownell} } @article {789686, title = {Short-term memory performance in the absence of phonological coding}, journal = {Brain \& Cognition}, volume = {1}, year = {1982}, pages = {50-70}, author = {R C Martin and Caramazza, A} } @article {789696, title = {Unconscious perception of meaning: A failure to replicate}, journal = {Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {20}, year = {1982}, pages = {23-26}, author = {K A Nolan and Caramazza, A} } @article {789646, title = {An investigation of repetition and language processing in a case of conduction aphasia}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {14}, year = {1981}, pages = {235-271}, author = {Caramazza, A and A G Basili and J J Koller} } @article {789656, title = {Naive beliefs in "sophisticated" subjects: Misconceptions about trajectories of objects}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {9}, year = {1981}, pages = {117-123}, author = {Caramazza, A and M McCloskey and Green, B.} } @article {789651, title = {Syntactic processing deficits in aphasia}, journal = {Cortex}, volume = {17}, year = {1981}, pages = {333-348}, author = {Caramazza, A and R S Berndt and A G Basili} } @article {789631, title = {Classification in well-defined and ill-defined categories: Evidence for common processing strategies}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General}, volume = {109}, year = {1980}, pages = {320-353}, author = {R C Martin and Caramazza, A} } @article {789636, title = {Curvilinear motion in the absence of external forces: Na{\"\i}ve beliefs about the motion of objects}, journal = {Science}, volume = {210}, year = {1980}, pages = {1139-1141}, author = {M McCloskey and Caramazza, A and Green, B.} } @article {789616, title = {A redefinition of the syndrome of Broca{\textquoteright}s aphasia: Implications for a neuropsychological model of language}, journal = {Applied Psycholinguistics}, volume = {1}, year = {1980}, pages = {225-278}, author = {R S Berndt and Caramazza, A} } @article {789626, title = {Semantic classification by bilinguals}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Psychology}, volume = {34}, year = {1980}, pages = {77-81}, author = {Caramazza, A and I Brones} } @article {789621, title = {Semantic operations deficits in sentence comprehension}, journal = {Psychological Research}, volume = {41}, year = {1980}, pages = {169-177}, author = {R S Berndt and Caramazza, A} } @article {789266, title = {he roles of topicalization, parallel function and verb semantics in the interpretation of pronouns}, journal = {Linguistics}, volume = {17}, year = {1979}, pages = {133-154}, author = {Caramazza, A and S Gupta} } @article {789261, title = {Lexical access in bilinguals}, journal = {Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {13}, year = {1979}, pages = {212-214}, author = {Caramazza, A and I Brones} } @article {789276, title = {Lexical semantics and memory for words in aphasia}, journal = {Journal of Speech \& Hearing Research}, volume = {22}, year = {1979}, pages = {456-467}, author = {E B Zurif and Caramazza, A and N S Foldi} } @article {789271, title = {A multi-dimensional similarity metric for capital letters}, journal = {Perception and Psychophysics}, volume = {25}, year = {1979}, pages = {425-431}, author = {C Gilmore and H Hersh and Caramazza, A and J Griffin} } @article {789291, title = {Categorizing with overlapping categories}, journal = {Memory \& Cognition}, volume = {6}, year = {1978}, pages = {481-490}, author = {H H Brownell and Caramazza, A} } @article {789286, title = {The development of vague modifiers in the language of pre-school children}, journal = {Journal of Child Language}, volume = {5}, year = {1978}, pages = {279-294}, author = {R S Berndt and Caramazza, A} } @article {789296, title = {Semantic and syntactic processes in aphasia: A review of the literature}, journal = {Psychological Bulletin}, volume = {85}, year = {1978}, pages = {898-918}, author = {Caramazza, A and R S Berndt} } @book {787876, title = {The acquisition and breakdown of language: Parallels and divergencies}, year = {1978}, publisher = {The Johns Hopkins Press}, organization = {The Johns Hopkins Press}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, editor = {Caramazza, A and E Zurif} } @article {789186, title = {Comprehension of anaphoric pronouns}, journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning \& Verbal Behavior}, volume = {16}, year = {1977}, pages = {601-609}, author = {Caramazza, A and E Grober and C Garvey and J Yates} } @article {789161, title = {Comprehension strategies in language acquisition}, journal = {Dissertation Abstracts International}, volume = {38}, year = {1977}, pages = {928}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {789171, title = {Costs and benefits of bilingualism, Review of: The Bilingual Child, A. Simois (Ed.). NY: Academic Press, 1976}, journal = {Contemporary Psychology}, volume = {22}, year = {1977}, pages = {941-942}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {789156, title = {How quickly does phonological-syntactic information decay?}, journal = {Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {10}, year = {1977}, pages = {496-498}, author = {H H Brownell and Caramazza, A and M H Bradshaw} } @article {789151, title = {The perception and production of voice-onset time in aphasia}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, volume = {15}, year = {1977}, pages = {371-383}, author = {S E Blumstein and W E Cooper and E B Zurif and Caramazza, A} } @article {789201, title = {A study of voicing in Lebanese Arabic}, journal = {Journal of Phonetics}, volume = {5}, year = {1977}, pages = {35-48}, author = {G H Yeni-Komshian and Caramazza, A and M S Preston} } @article {789196, title = {Dissociation of algorithmic and heuristic processes in language comprehension: Evidence from aphasia}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {3}, year = {1976}, pages = {572-582}, author = {Caramazza, A and E B Zurif} } @article {788046, title = {A fuzzy set approach to modifiers and vagueness in natural language}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: General}, volume = {105}, year = {1976}, pages = {254-276}, author = {H M Hersh and Caramazza, A} } @article {788051, title = {Grammatical intuitions of aphasic patients: Sensitivity to functors}, journal = {Cortex}, volume = {12}, year = {1976}, pages = {183-186}, author = {E Zurif and G Green and Caramazza, A and C Goodenough} } @article {787901, title = {Right-hemispheric damage and verbal problem solving behavior}, journal = {Brain \& Language}, volume = {3}, year = {1976}, pages = {41-46}, author = {Caramazza, A and J Gordon and E B Zurif and D DeLuca} } @article {787906, title = {Subjective structures and operations in semantic memory}, journal = {Journal of Verbal Learning \& Verbal Behavior}, volume = {15}, year = {1976}, pages = {103-117}, author = {Caramazza, A and H Hersh and W S Torgerson} } @article {787886, title = {Effects of age and ability on syllogistic reasoning in early adolescence}, journal = {Developmental Psychology}, volume = {11}, year = {1975}, pages = {837-842}, author = {D P Keating and Caramazza, A} } @article {787881, title = {Integrating verbal quantitative information}, journal = {Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {6}, year = {1975}, pages = {589-591}, author = {H M Hersh and Caramazza, A} } @article {787896, title = {Review of: A Study in Neurolinguistics, by S. Locke, D. Caplan, \& L. Keller. C. C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, Il, 1973}, journal = {Brain and Language}, volume = {2}, year = {1975}, pages = {504-507}, author = {E Zurif and Caramazza, A} } @article {787561, title = {Bilingual switching: The phonological level}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Psychology}, volume = {28}, year = {1974}, pages = {310-318}, author = {Caramazza, A and G Yeni-Komshian and E B Zurif} } @article {787591, title = {Factors influencing assignment of pronoun antecedents}, journal = {Cognition}, volume = {3}, year = {1974}, pages = {227-243}, author = {C Garvey and Caramazza, A and J Yates} } @article {787576, title = {Implicit Causality in verbs}, journal = {Linguistic Inquiry}, volume = {5}, year = {1974}, pages = {459-646}, author = {C Garvey and Caramazza, A} } @article {787556, title = {Linguistic theory and psychological structures}, journal = { Et Al, Special issue on Emerging Conceptualizations of Man}, volume = {3}, year = {1974}, pages = {44-53}, author = {Caramazza, A} } @article {787586, title = {Semantic feature representations of normal and aphasic language}, journal = {Brain and Language}, volume = {1}, year = {1974}, pages = {167-187}, author = {E B Zurif and Caramazza, A and R Myerson and J Galvin} } @article {787566, title = {Voice onset time in two French dialects}, journal = {Journal of Phonetics}, volume = {2}, year = {1974}, pages = {239-245}, author = {Caramazza, A and G Yeni-Komshian} } @article {786686, title = {The acquisition of a new phonological contrast: The case of stop consonants in French-English bilinguals}, journal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {54}, year = {1973}, pages = {421-428}, author = {Caramazza, A and G H Yeni-Komshian and E B Zurif} } @article {786681, title = {Grammatical judgments of agrammatic aphasics}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, volume = {10}, year = {1972}, pages = {405-417}, author = {E. B. Zurif and A. Caramazza and R. Myerson} }